The District Srikakulam is bestowed with hundreds of wetlands which fall under different categories. The present study was carried out in Dalamma cheruvu wetland from November 2013 to April 2014. During the study 35 species of birds were recorded from24 families. Its indicate the wetland supports healthy diversity of birds. Due to the abundance of endemic species the protected areas are very important for bird conservation in this part of the world. The Srikurmam which is a famous devotional place of god Kurmanadha is located near the wetland area. Increasing tourist activity especially during the months of November to January is now becoming a threat to the birds. Cattle grazing and use of wood as a source of fuel by local people are also creating adverse conditions for the birds of this wetland.

Electrical resistivity scanning was conducted in four locations of Nilithanallur, Narikudi, Therkkupatti and Vagaikulam in part of Chittar sub basin. The study was aimed to comprehend sub surface lithology and delineating groundwater potential aquifer zones. In this study, resistivity range of 50 to 150 Ohm m has been considered for the possible groundwater potential zones which were observed at Vagaikulam, Narikudi and Therkkupatti locations.

The concept of planning rainwater harvesting as a remedial measure to restore pre urbanized groundwater levels is presented. Changes caused in groundwater levels due to urbanization are discussed. Typical charts on sizing of artificial recharge structures like trench and pond are derived based relationship established by Akan (2002) on volume of rainfall runoff and the unsaturated flow process through infiltration structures to recharge the aquifer. The application of the procedure to an urbanized watershed of Budampeta Railway Drain with a drainage area of 257.5 Ha in Kakinada city and how to plan the rainwater harvesting in urban watershed is demonstrated. Accordingly, in upper 172 Ha of the watershed about 4% of harvest area i.e, about 6.9 Ha is to be left out for recharge trenches of depth 1.0 m. Similarly, lower 85.5 Ha of the watershed require about 2.5 % of harvest area i.e, about 1.9 Ha to be left for recharge basin of depth 0.7 m.

National Water Development Agency (NWDA) envisaged Run- off/surplus water could be harvested through the proposed linking of river basins. The NWDA suggested three link canals from Krishna River to Pennar Rivers to harvest the surplus water as well as the transferred surplus from Godavari. Infrastructure and land use land cover (LULC) are studied for the link canals alignment, considering 20 km corridor along the each alignment. The study area includes the command area proposed by NWDA. The total study area is 14,482.85 km2 distributed in 85 toposheets and covers in 7 LISS-III images of IRS-P6 of 2016. Topography and Geology study indicated the morphological conditions of the area. The Remote sensing study revealed that a large extent of area is under the class of wasteland in each link canal area. Forest, rock outcrops and lineaments/ faults are mapped in each link canal study area to devise precautionary measures during the canal construction. Based on infrastructure and LULC rerouting the canal alignment is suggested to minimise the losses.

Pampa river is the third largest river in the State of Kerala. This study diagnoses the drought-like situations prevailed in the basin with the help of rainfall data for the past twenty- four years. The analysis is carried out with the help of a popular index - Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) - derived from the rainfall data. Analysis revealed that during the period of study, at numerous occasions, the basin went through 'drought-like' conditions, and in a few incidents, these events were close to a true agricultural drought. The study points out the possibility of a real situation of drought in the future and emphasizes the need to take urgent measures to mitigate such situations.

Visakhapatnam is one of the rapidly developing cities, especially in the areas of industrialization and urbanization. Amongst the existing 14 major industries, Hindustan Zinc Limited (HZL), Coromandal Fertilizers Limited (CFL) and Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) are situated on a common aquifer system forming 'the industrial aquifer belt' in the heart of city. Hydrochemically Visakhapatnam is divided into 3 groundwater zones. Industrial localities are placed in Zone II, and recorded a maximum TDS of 7488 mg/ and a maximum hardness of 9540 mg/l, moving away from the recommended standards of W.H.O. Important recommendations are made for improving the present hazardous situation of groundwaters of Industrial localities of Visakhapatnam city.